1. "Competition Lowers Prices" -- Usually it does, unless there is predatory pricing. In these situations, wealthier firms lower prices below the cost of production, believing that they can survive the loss of money longer than their competitors. Once competitors are driven out of the market, prices then rise.
2. "Specialization Lowers Prices" -- Only up to a point. Otherwise any given individual would use his time in such a specialized way that he would do precisely one activity at work, not more than one. But this does not occur. Therefore, too much specialization raises prices, by increasing the number of people who need to interact to produce a product (too much specialization increases transaction cost).
3. "For every use of tax money that helps you (other) government expenditures....don't help you...Overall you lose."
It is humorous (and ironic) that libertarians think they know how to spend other people's money more efficiently than those spending it. The overwhelming majority of rich people will not vote for libertarian types of economic organization. And rich people pay the overwhelming majority of taxes. This means that rich people believe that certain types of charitable giving and economic organization are more efficiently produced by the government (there are many reasons for this).
And the fact that rich people do not usually support libertarian causes, yet libertarians try to convince rich people to do so, also implies that libertarians believe they know how to spend rich people's dollars more efficiently than those who spend it.
But of course it is usually libertarians who denigrate those favoring taxation, by claiming that those favoring taxation believe that they know how to spend other people's money better than those spending it.
So libertarians and those favoring taxation, to be fair, both believe that they know how to more efficiently spend the money of other people. A few goods are more efficiently produced by the government (certain types of charitable giving, military production, roads), and most by the free market.
4. Companies will be accountable, responsible, and pay regulators if customers will pay for those things.
Knowledge/information will be inefficiently underproduced in free-market economies because knowledge is costly to produce, yet it is very difficult to charge those using the knowledge the full benefit that they realize because of their use.
The inefficient under-creation of knowledge is like the inefficient underproduction of cars in certain societies that do not have an effective police force. If an automobile producer has to pay the full cost of producing an automobile, yet people can just take half of his new cars off of his car lot, automobile producers will produce fewer cars. In other words, cars will be inefficiently underproduced.
Likewise, in a pure free-market economy, knowledge will be inefficiently under-created, because others can simply use whatever knowledge is created, without having to pay for the research needed to create it. People "steal" knowledge in this way by simply telling each other about the knowledge. Since the relatively free distribution of knowledge should not be stopped in society, there is a role for government to subsidize the creation of knowledge, to compensate others for the cost of creating it, and to create the knowledge that helps virtually everyone. So there is a role, at the very least, for government to subsidize those firms that create knowledge about products, if the government does not fill this role itself.
5. "Benefits from employers come straight out of your wages." Not quite true, either. Depends upon the shape of supply and demand curves.
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Not Quite True
1. "Competition Lowers Prices" -- Usually it does, unless there is predatory pricing. In these situations, wealthier firms lower prices below the cost of production, believing that they can survive the loss of money longer than their competitors. Once competitors are driven out of the market, prices then rise.
2. "Specialization Lowers Prices" -- Only up to a point. Otherwise any given individual would use his time in such a specialized way that he would do precisely one activity at work, not more than one. But this does not occur. Therefore, too much specialization raises prices, by increasing the number of people who need to interact to produce a product (too much specialization increases transaction cost).
3. "For every use of tax money that helps you (other) government expenditures....don't help you...Overall you lose."
It is humorous (and ironic) that libertarians think they know how to spend other people's money more efficiently than those spending it. The overwhelming majority of rich people will not vote for libertarian types of economic organization. And rich people pay the overwhelming majority of taxes. This means that rich people believe that certain types of charitable giving and economic organization are more efficiently produced by the government (there are many reasons for this).
And the fact that rich people do not usually support libertarian causes, yet libertarians try to convince rich people to do so, also implies that libertarians believe they know how to spend rich people's dollars more efficiently than those who spend it.
But of course it is usually libertarians who denigrate those favoring taxation, by claiming that those favoring taxation believe that they know how to spend other people's money better than those spending it.
So libertarians and those favoring taxation, to be fair, both believe that they know how to more efficiently spend the money of other people. A few goods are more efficiently produced by the government (certain types of charitable giving, military production, roads), and most by the free market.
4. Companies will be accountable, responsible, and pay regulators if customers will pay for those things.
Knowledge/information will be inefficiently underproduced in free-market economies because knowledge is costly to produce, yet it is very difficult to charge those using the knowledge the full benefit that they realize because of their use.
The inefficient under-creation of knowledge is like the inefficient underproduction of cars in certain societies that do not have an effective police force. If an automobile producer has to pay the full cost of producing an automobile, yet people can just take half of his new cars off of his car lot, automobile producers will produce fewer cars. In other words, cars will be inefficiently underproduced.
Likewise, in a pure free-market economy, knowledge will be inefficiently under-created, because others can simply use whatever knowledge is created, without having to pay for the research needed to create it. People "steal" knowledge in this way by simply telling each other about the knowledge. Since the relatively free distribution of knowledge should not be stopped in society, there is a role for government to subsidize the creation of knowledge, to compensate others for the cost of creating it, and to create the knowledge that helps virtually everyone. So there is a role, at the very least, for government to subsidize those firms that create knowledge about products, if the government does not fill this role itself.
5. "Benefits from employers come straight out of your wages." Not quite true, either. Depends upon the shape of supply and demand curves.